Izixhobo ze-biomedical titanium alloy kunye nokusetyenziswa
Izixhobo ze-biomedical titanium alloy kunye nokusetyenziswa
Imathiriyeli ye-titanium alloy ye-Biomedical ibhekisa ngokukodwa kudidi lwezixhobo ezisebenzayo zolwakhiwo ezisetyenziswa kubunjineli bebhayomedical, ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kofakelo lotyando kunye neemveliso zesixhobo se-orthopedic. Ukuveliswa kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto zokusetyenzwa kwe-titanium alloy kubandakanya imimandla yesinyithi, ukulungiswa koxinzelelo, izinto ezidibeneyo, kunye noshishino lweekhemikhali, kwaye yimveliso eyaziwayo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu emhlabeni. I-Titanium kunye ne-titanium alloys ziye zangena ngokuthe ngcembe kwintsimi yokusetyenziswa kwabantu ukusuka kwimimandla ye-aerospace, i-aviation, kunye nokhuselo lwelizwe. Iimveliso ezifana nokufakelwa kunye nezixhobo zonyango kwishishini lezonyango kunye nempilo; iiklabhu zegalufa ze-titanium kushishino lwezemidlalo kunye nezolonwabo, kunye neefreyimu zeglasi ze-titanium, iiwotshi ze-titanium, iibhayisekile ze-titanium, kunye nezinye iimveliso, imfuno yemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo ye-titanium ihlala isanda. Ngophuhliso olomeleleyo kunye nenkqubela phambili ye-biotechnology, i-biomedical metal materials kunye nemveliso yemveliso iya kukhula ibe lishishini leentsika kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Phakathi kwazo, i-titanium kunye ne-alloys yayo ifumene ukukhula okukhawulezayo kunye nokuzinzileyo kwimfuno kwiminyaka yamva nje ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezigqibeleleyo ezinjengobunzima, imodyuli ephantsi ye-elastic, engeyotyhefu kunye ne-non-magnetic, ukumelana nokubola, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokuqina okuhle. Ngexesha elifanayo, njengoko i-titanium alloys iqala ukungena utyando lweplastiki kunye nezinye iindawo, iimfuno ezintsha zemarike ezinokuthi zivele, kwaye imarike ye-titanium alloy iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo.
Inkqubela phambili yophando lwe-titanium alloys yonyango
1.1 Ukuhlelwa kweealloyi ze-titanium zonyango
I-alloys ye-Titanium inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu ngokohlobo lwe-microstructure yezinto eziphathekayo: uhlobo lwe-α, uhlobo lwe-α + β, kunye nohlobo lwe-β lwe-titanium alloy.
1.2 iNdlela yokuPhuhliswa kwee-Medical Titanium Alloys
Emva kophando loncwadi, kwafunyaniswa ukuba abaphandi abafanelekileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe bakholelwa ngamxhelo mnye ukuba uphuhliso lwe ialloys titanium zonyango udlule kwizigaba ezithathu zemifanekiso. Inqanaba lokuqala limelwe yi-titanium ecocekileyo kunye ne-Ti-6Al-4V alloy; isigaba sesibini simelwe nguTi New α + β alloys emelwe ngu -5A1-2.5Fe kunye neTi-6A1-7Nb; Inqanaba lesithathu linqanaba eliphambili lokuphuhlisa nokuphuhlisa i-β-titanium alloys kunye ne-biocompatibility engcono kunye ne-elastic modulus ephantsi. Ilungile izinto ze-biomedical titanium alloy kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi meko zilandelayo: i-biocompatibility efanelekileyo, imodyuli e-elastiki ephantsi, ukuxinana okuphantsi, iipropati ezilungileyo zokulwa nokubola, ezingenayo ityhefu, amandla esivuno esiphezulu, ubomi obude bokudinwa, kunye neplastiki enkulu kwiqondo lokushisa. , kulula ukwenza, kulula ukuphosa, njl. Ii-alloys ezibalulekileyo eziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zokufakelwa kwezinto ziyi-Ti-6A1-4V kunye ne-Ti-6A1-4VELI. Kukho iingxelo kuncwadi ukuba i-V element inokubangela ukusabela kwezicubu ezinobungozi kwaye inokuba nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni womntu, ngelixa i-Al inokubangela i-osteoporosis kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, izazinzulu biomaterial ngoku uzimisele ukuhlola kunye nophando V-free, Al entsha biomedical titanium ingxubevange izinto ingxubevange, ngaphambi kokuba kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba luhlobo luni lweziqalelo ingxubevange ezifanelekileyo ukongeza ukuba zombini non-ityhefu kunye biocompatible. . Uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-β-titanium alloys equlethe izinto ezingenayo ityhefu ezifana ne-molybdenum, i-niobium, i-tantalum, kunye ne-zirconium iqulethe umxholo ophezulu we-β-stabilizing element kwaye ine-modulus e-elastic esezantsi (E = 55 ~ 80GPa) kunye nokusebenza okungcono kokucheba kunye Ukuqina, kulungele ngakumbi ukufakwa emzimbeni womntu njengofakelo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-titanium alloys
2.1 Isiseko sezonyango se-titanium alloys
Iinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-titanium kunye ne-titanium alloys njengokufakelwa komntu: (1) Ubuninzi (20 ° C) = 4.5g / cm3 kunye ne-lightweight. Ukufakwa emzimbeni womntu: ukunciphisa umthwalo kumzimba womntu; njengesixhobo sonyango: ukunciphisa umthwalo wokusebenza kubasebenzi bezonyango. (2) I-elastic modulus iphantsi, kwaye i-titanium ecocekileyo yi-108500MPa. Xa ifakwe emzimbeni womntu: isondele kwithambo lendalo lomzimba womntu, elilungele ukuxutywa kwethambo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo-ukukhusela umphumo wethambo kwi-implant. (3) I-non-magnetic, engachatshazelwanga ngamasimi ombane kunye neendudumo, eziluncedo kukhuseleko lomntu emva kokusetyenziswa. (4) Ayinatyhefu kwaye ayinayo ityhefu okanye imiphumo emibi emzimbeni womntu njengento yokufakelwa. (5) Ukumelana nokubola (i-biologically inert metal material). Inokumelana ne-corrosion egqwesileyo kwindawo yokuntywiliselwa kwegazi lomntu kwaye iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kakuhle negazi lomntu kunye nezicubu zeeseli. Njengokufakelwa, ayivelisi ungcoliseko lomntu kwaye ayinabungozi kumzimba womntu. Ukuchasana nomzimba kuya kwenzeka, okuyimeko esisiseko yokusetyenziswa kwe-titanium kunye ne-titanium alloys. (6) Amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okulungileyo. Ithambo kunye nomonakalo odibeneyo ngenxa yokwenzakala, amathumba, kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuseka i-scaffold yamathambo ezinzileyo, iipleyiti ze-arc, izikrufu, amathambo okwenziwa, amajoyina, njl. Ezi zihlomelo maziyekwe kwindawo yazo ixesha elide. umzimba womntu uya kuba phantsi kokugoba, ukujija, ukucudisa, ukufinyela kwemisipha, kunye nezinye iziphumo zomzimba womntu, ezifuna ukufakelwa ukuze ube namandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina.
2.2 Iinkalo zonyango kunye namathambo e-titanium alloys
Imeko yeMarike Ngokuphuhliswa kweealloyi zetitanium, ukunyuka kweentlobo zemathiriyeli yetitanium, kunye nokwehliswa kwamaxabiso, ukusetyenziswa kwetitanium kushishino lwasekuhlaleni kuye kwaphindeka kabini. I-CFDA yohlula izixhobo zonyango zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu ngokokhuseleko lwazo ukusuka phezulu ukuya kweliphantsi, kwaye zijongwe kwaye zilawulwe ngamanqanaba amathathu karhulumente ngokulandelelana. Ukufakelwa okwenziwe nge-titanium kunye ne-titanium alloy materials zezodidi lwesithathu lwezixhobo zonyango kwaye zixabiso eliphezulu lokusebenzisa. Amacandelwana athatha ngaphezulu kwe-5% yemarike abandakanya amacandelo amathandathu amakhulu: ukuxilongwa kwe-in vitro, i-cardiology, i-diagnostic imaging, i-orthopedics, i-ophthalmology, kunye notyando lweplastiki. Phakathi kwazo, i-in vitro diagnostics, i-orthopedics, kunye nokungenelela kwentliziyo zezona zinto zikhula ngokukhawuleza zexabiso eliphezulu e-China. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-titanium ye-biomedical kunye nemathiriyeli yayo ye-alloy kuye kwadlula kwizigaba ezintathu ze-iconic: Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala Kwiminyaka yoo-1950, okokuqala e-United Kingdom nase-United States, i-titanium ecocekileyo yokuthengisa yayisetyenziselwa ukwenza iipleyiti zamathambo, izikrufu, izikhonkwane ze-intramedullary, kunye ne-hip. amalungu. Inkampani yaseSwitzerland i-Mathys isebenzisa i-alloy ye-Ti-6A1-7Nb ukuvelisa iinkqubo zesikhonkwane ze-intramedullary ezivaliweyo (kuquka i-tibia, i-humerus, kunye ne-femur) kunye nezikrufu ezingenanto kunyango lwe-femoral neck fractures. I-Porous Ni-Ti (PNT) i-alloy i-alloy material isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-cervical kunye ne-lumbar intervertebral fusion cages (Cage). Inkampani yaseCanada ye-BIORTHEX iphuhlise i-cage yomlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-lumbar intervertebral fusion eyenziwe nge-porous Ni-Ti alloy patent material ACTIPORE G yonyango lokulimala kwamathambo. I-alloy entsha ye-beta titanium ingasetyenziselwa njengezinto eziphambili kwiinjongo ezininzi ezifana ne-orthopedics, amazinyo, kunye nokungenelela kwe-vascular. Ushishino lwezixhobo zonyango lwamathambo lubalelwa kwi-9% yesabelo semarike yezixhobo zonyango zehlabathi kwaye lusakhula ngokukhawuleza. Imakethi yezixhobo zonyango ze-orthopedic yahlulwe ngokweendawo ezine: ukwenzakala, amalungu, umqolo, kunye nezinye. Phakathi kwabo, umonzakalo kuphela kwecandelo elingenaso isabelo esikhulu semakethi esithathwe ziinkampani zangaphandle. Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba iimveliso kule ntsimi zinomxholo ophantsi wobugcisa, kulula ukuxelisa, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukusebenza. Zingenziwa kwizibhedlele ezininzi zesibini kunye nesesithathu, kwaye iinkampani zangaphandle azikwazi ukuzigubungela ngokupheleleyo. Iimveliso ze-Trauma zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-fixation yangaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa zangaphandle. Iimveliso zentlungu yokulungiswa kwangaphakathi ziquka izikhonkwane ze-intramedullary, iipleyiti zamathambo, izikrufu, njl. Kwi-2012, i-trauma ibala i-34% yemarike yamathambo yasekhaya, i-joints 28%, umqolo we-20%, kunye nabanye. 18%. Amalungu amakhulu zixhobo zonyango eziphezulu ezinemiqobo ephezulu yobugcisa. Okwangoku, izibhedlele eziphambili zisebenzisa izixhobo zamathambo eziphuma kumazwe angaphandle. Kusekho i-gap phakathi kweemveliso zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle ngokubhekiselele kwithekhnoloji, ukuyila, uphando kunye nophuhliso, izinto eziphathekayo, iinkqubo zokunyanga komhlaba, njl. Amalungu okufakelwa ahlula kakhulu ngamadolo okufakelwa, ama-hips, i-elbows, amagxa, iminwe kunye neenzwane, njl. Phakathi kwazo, olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo oludityanisiweyo lubandakanya amalunga e-hip kunye namadolo, adibanisa ngaphezulu kwe-95% yeemarike ezidibeneyo zehlabathi. Izixhobo zokufakelwa komgogodla ziquka iinkqubo zeplate ye-thoracolumbar nail plate, inkqubo yomlomo wesibeleko ye-nail plate, kunye neenkqubo ze-fusion cage, phakathi kwazo i-intervertebral cage system isetyenziselwa unyango lokutshintshwa kwe-intervertebral disc kwaye ikwalelona candelo libaluleke kakhulu, ukubalwa malunga nayo yonke imarike yokufakelwa komgogodla. . isiqingatha se.
isiphelo
Iimpawu eziphezulu ze-titanium alloys ziye zafaka isandla kwindawo yayo ehamba phambili kwinkalo yezonyango. Uyilo lwemathiriyeli kunye nokulungiswa kwetekhnoloji ye-titanium alloys iphuhlise ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphumelela kwi-biotechnology kunye nemfuno enkulu yezicelo zonyango. I ialloys titanium zonyango ngoku ziveliswayo ubukhulu becala α+β uhlobo lwetitanium alloys. Ngokwembono yeteknoloji yokulungiselela, ukuveliswa kwe-TC4 (TC4ELI) okwangoku kuthatha isabelo esikhulu semarike. I-β-type titanium alloy ineenzuzo ezithile kwi-biocompatibility kunye nokuhambelana noomatshini, ngoko iye yaba yindawo yophando ye-alloys ye-titanium yonyango entsha kwaye yeyona nto inokwenzeka kwiteknoloji kwinkalo yokufakelwa kwezonyango. Kwixesha elizayo, itekhnoloji yemveliso ye-titanium alloys kufuneka iphuhlise kwicala lemodulus ephantsi, amandla aphezulu, ukuhambelana kakuhle kwe-biocompatibility, kunye nokuhambelana komatshini. Ngokwembono yeendlela zophuhliso, uhlobo lwe-β-titanium alloys luya kuba luphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye neyona nto iphambili kwintengiso ye-titanium alloy market.
